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‫ﺟﻤﻌﻪ ‪ 16‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺸﻨﺒﻪ‪ 22‬ﺑﻬﻤﻦﻣﺎﻩ ‪1394‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ‬

‫ﺁﻧﺘﻮﻧﻰ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﻮﻧﺰ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﻳﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻰ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯﻯﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ‪،‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥﺑﺮﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏﻭﺍﻗﻌﻰﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺑﻮﺩﻛﻪﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩﺁﻏﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺁﻧﺘﻮﻧﻰ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﻮﻧﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﻧﺴﺮﺩﻯ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻰﺷﺪ ـ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻰ ﻣﻰﭘﻴﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻰ ﻭ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎ »ﺷﺎﻩ ﺭﻓﺖ«‬
‫ﺧﻠﻖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺝﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺣﻖ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺟﺴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ »ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ﺁﻣﺪ«‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺭﻓﺖ ﺗﺨﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻯ ﺑﺮﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﺡ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻝ ﺭﻭﺣﺎﻧﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﺪﺍ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ ﺁﻧﺘﻮﻧﻰ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﻮﻧﺰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻳﺎﻡ ﺳﻔﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻼﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﻃﻰ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺪﺍﻣﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻰﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﻤﺘﺎﻯ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﻡ ﺧﻮﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻰﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖﺑﻪﮔﺮﻳﺒﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﭘﻰ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻡ ﺧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﻮﻧﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻼﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﺳﻮﻧﺰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ‪» ،‬ﻏﺮﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ« ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﺳﺨﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ« ﻳﺎ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﻓﺎﻳﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻭ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻰﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺳﻨﺘﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻰ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻓﺘﻤﻨﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺻﺪﺍﻗﺖ ﺍﺫﻋﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﻙ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﺓ ﺑﻰﻏﺮﺽ ﻭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖﺟﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻣﻰﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮﮔﺰ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺓ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﺶ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ـ ﺑﺎﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻼﺷﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪...‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺳﺎﻭﺍﻙ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ )ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻟﺰﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻧﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺁﻳﺖﺍﷲ ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﻬﺮﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻯ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ( ﻭ ﻛﻤﻮﻧﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ )ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺮﺍﺵ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺼﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺟﻠﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻮﭘﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻰﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺸﻮﺩ )ﻭ ﻧﺸﺪ(‬
‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻰﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ(‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭژﻳﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻭ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺿﻰ ﭘﺮﻭﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺷﺨﺼﺎً ﻣﺮﺩﻯ ﺟﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻰﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻰ ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﺪﻯ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ )ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪ 1941‬ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﺣﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻬﺖ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺷﻤﻨﺎﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻫﺠﺪﻫﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻣﻰﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻛﻮﺑﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻰ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺳﻄﺎﺋﻰ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺼﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻯ ﺧﻴﺎﻝ‪...‬‬
‫ﻣﻰﺷﺪﻧﺪ( ﺻﺮﻑ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻄﻴﻊ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻧﺪﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻰ‪ .‬ﺍﺱ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺕ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺩﺳﺖﻧﺨﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻤﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺿﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺻﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ ﺳﺮ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺣﺎﻧﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻭ ﺭﺅﺳﺎﻯ ﻋﺸﺎﻳﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﭘﻴﻤﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻰﺁﻣﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻭﺍژﺓ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﭘﺴﺮ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻼﺕ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭﻯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫»ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ« ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﻌﻰ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻧﺎﭼﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺷﺼﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫‪79‬ـ ‪ 1978‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1978‬ﻭ ‪ 1979‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻭ ﺗﺄﻧﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻮﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ ‪ 1920‬ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻳﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻧﮕﻮﻥﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﺍﺭﺯﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﺯﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻋﻘﺐﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ )ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺧﺸﻨﻮﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻳﺖﺍﷲ ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﺸﻢﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﻭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ـ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﺳﻼﻃﻴﻦ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﻗﺒﻠﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻯ ﻏﺮﺑﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻤﺰﺩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﺕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺩ( ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻃﻰ ﻗﺮﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻌﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻋﻈﻴﻢﺗﺮ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻰﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻯ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﻩﺍﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻄﺮﻑ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺣﺎﻧﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺮﻛﻮﺑﻰ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﺳﺖﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﺓ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻰ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻯ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺣﺎﻧﻴﺖ ﺷﻴﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺮﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻗﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺳﻄﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻯ ﺩﻫﻘﺎﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻳﺖﺍﷲ ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻪﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺷﻰ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭘﺴﺮﺵ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺷﺨﺼﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺟﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫***‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻫﺒﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪﺍﺵ ﺁﺗﺎﺗﻮﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﻔﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻣﻰ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﭙﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﻼﻝ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻬﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﻯ ﻓﺮﺍﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﺩﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺔ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻬﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻀﺎﺩ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ 1960‬ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺣﺎﻧﻴﺖ ﺷﻴﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻰ ﻗﺮﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﻔﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﺯﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﺷﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ ﭘﺪﺭ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻪﭘﺎﺧﺎﺳﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻰ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺮﻧﮕﻮﻧﻰ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻜﻠﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺝ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﺁﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻳﺖﺍﷲ ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺧﺸﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﺣﻢ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﺓ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﻼﻣﻨﺎﺯﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﻭﻓﺎﺩﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺸﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺔ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﻭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1941‬ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻳﺜﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎً ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺣﺎﻧﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻔﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﻔﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻯ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1973‬ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ـ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻜﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺩﺷﻤﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺳﻜﻮﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﻧﻮﻳﻨﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻰ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻜﻠﻰ ﺧﻨﺜﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻨﻪﺗﻮﺯ ﻭ ﺁﺷﺘﻰﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺣﺎﻧﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺁﺷﻮﺏﺯﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺮ ﻣﻰﺑﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺧﻨﺜﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺷﻤﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺪﻑﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺁﺗﺎﺗﻮﺭﻙ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻼﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻯﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺮﻭﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺣﺎﻧﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1973‬ﺑﻪﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻓﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﻣﻼﻛﻴﻦ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻔﺎﻯ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻰﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻰ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻰ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﺅﺳﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻼﺕ ﻭ ﻋﺸﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻤﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻛﻬﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻛﺮﺍﺕﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﺮ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺍ ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺁﻳﺖﺍﷲ ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ‬
‫ﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ؛ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯ ﻧﺸﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺜﻴﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﻜﺸﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻋﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﻪﻫﻢ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻭﻗﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻼﻃﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﻭﺣﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻧﺒﺮﺩ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻰ ﺩﺭﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻧﻪ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺸﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ؟ ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﻰ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺌﻮﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻰ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1906‬ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺮﻛﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﺳﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻨﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻬﺮﻯ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻌﻪ ﺳﺮﺳﺨﺘﻰ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﺟﺎﻯ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩﻯ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﺠﺪﺩﺧﻮﺍﻫﻰ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺸﻪﻛﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻰﻛﻮﺷﻴﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻴﺰﻯ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺗﺎﺗﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﻨﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﺑﻜﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺛﺮﻯ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﻨﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﻜﺎﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺴﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﻨﺘﻰ ﺭﻭﺣﺎﻧﻴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺮﺣﻤﺎﻧﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺷﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﻫﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﻨﻰ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﺠﻤﻞ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻭﻓﺎﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺁﺗﺎﺗﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺿﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮕﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺟﻤﻌﻰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﻣﻰﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ ‪ 1950‬ﺑﻪﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﻰ ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭ ﺟﻨﮕﻬﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻗﻴﺐ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﺍﺗﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺍﻝﮔﺮﺍﺋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺗﻜﺎﻯ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪﻛﻤﻚﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺲ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻰﺭﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﻮﺩﺍﻝﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻼﻛﻴﻦ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﺭﺅﺳﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺟﺰ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﻍ ﻣﻰﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﻯ ﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻯ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺧﻂﻣﺸﻰ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﻗﻠﻊ ﻭ ﻗﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻧﺎﺋﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺮﺥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1978‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻨﮕﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﻼﺷﻰ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬