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‫آﺧﺮﯾﻦ وﯾﺪﺋﻮﻫﺎی ﺧﱪی در ﻟﻨﺰ اﯾﺮان‬ ‫‪KAYHAN LONDON ONLINE‬‬

‫‪www.lenziran.com‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺁﮔﻬﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻴﻬﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻉﺭﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫‪Page 16‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺳﻰ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻡ )ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ( ـ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ 44‬ـ ﺟﻤﻌﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺑﻬﻤﻦﻣﺎﻩ ‪ 1394‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪16‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 18‬ﺭﺑﻴﻊﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‪ 1437‬ﻗﻤﺮﻯ ـ ‪ 29‬ژﺍﻧﻮﻳﻪ ‪ 2016‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻬـﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻬـﺎ ِﻥ ﻟﻨـﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻬـﺎ ِﻥ‬
‫‪No.44 Friday 29 January 2016‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺗـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻧـﺪﻩ ﻧـﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﺭﻳـﺪ‬
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‫ﻣﺤﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺳﺘﺠﻤﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨﻤﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻧﮓ‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻟﮕﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺮﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﻟﻮﻛﺎﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺁﻭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻯ ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺁﺷﻮﻳﺘﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 70‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻰﮔﺬﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺷﻮﻳﺘﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ژﻧﻴﺘﻚ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﻞﻛﺸﻰ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻪﻯ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ‪ 20‬ژﺍﻧﻮﻳﻪ ‪ 1942‬ﺭﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﺎﺷﻴﺴﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻳﺪﺭﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﺨﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ 27 .‬ژﺍﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﮕﺮﺩ‬
‫)ﮔﺸﺘﺎﭘﻮ( ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻧ ِﺰ )ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ »ﺁﺷﻮﻳﺘﺲ« ﻳﻜﻰ‬
‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻰ ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ( ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ‪ 15‬ﺗﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﻞﻛﺸﻰ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ »ﺣﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻌﻀﻞ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ« ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ »ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ«‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ‬ ‫»ﻫﻮﻟﻮﻛﺎﺳﺖ« ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍژﻩﻯ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻰ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ‪ 11‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻯ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ »ﻫﻤﻪﺳﻮﺯﻯ« ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫»ﻣﺼﻴﺒﺖ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ« ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺋﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎﻯ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍژﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺷﻨﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺬﺍﻛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻧﺴﻞﻛﺸﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺯﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻰﺍﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ »ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻭﺍﺭﺍ« ﻣﻄﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﻤﻌﻰ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻼﻭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺘﺮﺿﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﻮﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﺳﻮﺳﻴﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻴﺶﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻣﺮﻫﺎ )ﻛﻮﻟﻰﻫﺎ(‪،‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ﺩﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ ‪ 1941‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻻﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻫﻤﺠﻨﺲﮔﺮﺍ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺁﺷﻮﻳﺘﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺸﺘﻦ ﺍﻓﺴﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺟﻤﺎﻫﻴﺮ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﻧﮋﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ »ﺯﻳﻜﻠﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺏ« ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺷﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻭﺩﮔﺎﻩ »ﺁﺷﻮﻳﺘﺲ« ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻯ »ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻭﺩﻭﻟﻒ ﻫﻮﺱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ« ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮگ ﺁﺷﻮﻳﺘﺲ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ‪ 11‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻯ ﻣﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮ ِﻛﻨﺎﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺷﻮﻳﺘﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﺸﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺳﻮﺯﻯ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﺮ ِﻛﻨﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺁﺷﻮﻳﺘﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﺮ ِﻛﻨﺎﻭ‬

‫‪1941‬ﻫﺎﻳﻨﺮﻳﺶ ﻫﻴﻤﻠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫»ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﻬﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺨﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺩﻯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﺘﻠﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻯ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ«‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺘﻠﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻭﺩﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1933‬ﺩﺳﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺻﻬﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺗﺮﻳﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﻭ… ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻼﺱ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻳﺴﻴﻦﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖﻛﻢ ‪ 5‬ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻔﻰ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ‬ ‫‪ 23‬ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﭼﺎپ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻯ ﺳﺘﻴﺰﻯ ﺳﺨﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺱ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺷﻤﻨﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﮕﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺷﻤﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﭼﺎپ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺪﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ »ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻠﻬﻠﻢ ﻣﺎﺭ )‪ (1904 – 1819‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻯ ﺳﺘﻴﺰﻯ ﺭﻳﺸﻪﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻳﺸﻤﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻰﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺻﻬﻴﻮﻥ« )‪The Protocols‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﮋﺍﺩﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪﻯ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﻤﻌﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪ (of the Elders of Zion‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﺎﻳﻨﺮﻳﺶ ﻛﻼﺱ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻴﺰﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺝ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻯﺳﺘﻴﺰﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺩﻭﻟﻒ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ‪ 8 ،‬ﺩﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ ‪ 1942‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﻭﺭﻫﺎﻯ »ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﭘﺎﻥژﺭﻣﻦ« ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺘﻠﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻯ ﺳﺘﻴﺰﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﺳﻨﺪﻳﺖ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻭﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺩﻭﻟﻒ ﻫﻴﺘﻠﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﺭﺍﻩ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯﻯ ژﺭﻣﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‬
‫»ﺷﻠﻤﻨﻮ« ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﺍﻳﺪﻩﻯ ﺗﻮﻃﺌﻪﻯ ﺩﺧﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫»ﻧﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ« ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ« )‪ (1879‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻨﻬﺎ ِﻥ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ژﺭﻣﻦﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺨﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺷﻮﻳﺘﺲ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ‪ 1‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﺰ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﺳﺘﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻋﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨﻤﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺁﺷﻮﻳﺘﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﻨﺰ ﺗﻠﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ »ﻟﻴﺒﺮﺍﻟﻴﺴﻢ« ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻜﺮﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ 90‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻰﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺎﻳﻨﺮﻳﺶ ﻛﻼﺱ )‪– 1868‬‬
‫ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻯ ﻭ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﻨﮕﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻟﻰﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ ‪ 1339‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪ (1953‬ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻧﮕﺬﺍﺭ »ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﭘﺎﻥژﺭﻣﻦ«‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻤﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻜﺮﻯ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ »ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺭﻳﺶ ﻭﻳﻠﻬﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻳﺴﻦﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻧﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ‪865000‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﮔﺘﻮﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﺩﻭﻟﻒ ﻣﺎﺭ« ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﻃﻰ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺷﻮﻳﺘﺲ ﺭﺍﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ »ﻫﺎﻳﺪﺭﻳﺶ«‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺭﺍﭼﻮﻓﺴﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺷﻌﺒﻪ ﭘﻠﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮگ )ﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺮﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻔﻰ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺗﺰﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ‪ 1923‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫»ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﭙﺮﺍﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ« )‪(1912‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺎﺯ( ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫)ﺍﺱ‪.‬ﺍﺱ‪ (.‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪» :‬ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ‪ 1897‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 1899‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫‪»1879‬ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻯﺳﺘﻴﺰﺍﻥ« ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﺪﻩﻯ ﭘﺎﻥژﺭﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻯ ﺭﺍﻫﻰ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺮﻉ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺨﻪﺍﻯ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﮋﺍﺩﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﺭﺳﻤﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫»ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﭘﺎﻥژﺭﻣﻦ« ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1891‬ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻰﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ«‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺮﺯﺑﻮﺭگ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ »ﺯﻧﺎﻣﻴﺎ« )ﭘﺮﭼﻢ( ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺘﻠﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﻮﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺴﻴﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﻠﻬﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ 1942‬ﺗﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪1943‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ‪ 1940‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 1942‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺖ ﺗﻨﻔﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻭﺝ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻔﺘﺼﺪ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ ﮔﺘﻮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1903‬ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﻧﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ«‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ 1908‬ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻨﺮﻳﺶ ﻛﻼﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻠﺰﻙ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺑﻴﺒﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﺘﻮﻫﺎ ﻫﺮ ‪ 15‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫»ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺻﻬﻴﻮﻥ« ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪» :‬ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺴﻴﺴﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻰ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮔﺶ ﺍﻳﺪﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻫﺒﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1920‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻰ ﺍﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ »ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﭘﺎﻥژﺭﻣﻦ« ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1922‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪40‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻠﻴﻨﻜﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻯ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻯ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ‪ 1940‬ﻫﺎﻧﺮﻳﺶ ﻫﻴﻤﻠﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺯﻑ ﮔﻮﺑﻠﺰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1914‬ﻗﻴﺎﻓﻪ ﺯﺷﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‬
‫‪ 1944‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻣﻮﺭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺱ‪.‬ﺍﺱ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ« ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻫﻮﺍﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺱ‪.‬ﺍﺱ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺳﺮﺥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﭘﺎﻳﻰ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺭﻭﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺷﺪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺟﻤﺎﻫﻴﺮ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﺩﺭ ‪ 27‬ژﺍﻧﻮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﻮﻳﺘﺲ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﻩ ﺟﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺯﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ ،1945‬ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪) 2‬ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻰ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺩﻭﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺮ ِﻛﻨﺎﻭ( ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺘﻠﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﻧﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ« ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻏﺬﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻰﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ )ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻳﻨﺮﻳﺶ ﻛﻼﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1918‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩ )ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ( ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ 3‬ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ«‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻛﻤﻮﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻦ ﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺁﺩﻭﻟﻒ ﻫﻴﺘﻠﺮ ﻣﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﺠﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺎﻋﻮﻧﻰ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻟﻮﻛﺎﺳﺖ( ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩﺗﺎﻯ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1923‬ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻰﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺷﻮﻳﺘﺲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻯ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻴﺮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 7600‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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