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‫ﺟﻤﻌﻪ ‪ 14‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺸﻨﺒﻪ‪ 20‬ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1394‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ‬

‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻭ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻰ ﻛﻴﻬﺎﻥ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺯﻭ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻥﺑﺎﺧﺘﮕﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫‪© Kayhan London‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻗﻰ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻮﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻧﻴﻪ )ﺩﻭﻻﺏ( ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﮓ‬
‫ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﻮﻟﻴﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺗﻮﻟﻴﻚ ُﺭﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﮔﺮﻳﮕﻮﺭﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﺪﻭﻛﺲﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﻣﻨﻪ )‪ (C‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1942‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﻮﺭﻯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺗﻮﻟﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍژ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 30‬ﺩﺭ ‪ 40‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺒﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻧﻰ ﺳﺎﻝﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﻛﺲﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺭﺥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﺏ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻯ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﻪﮔﺮﻯ ﺍﺭﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1946‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﺗﻮﺩﻛﺲﻫﺎ )‪(B‬‬ ‫‪© Kayhan London‬‬ ‫ﺗﭙﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺳﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻴﻔﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻫﺎﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻪ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺻﻨﺪﻟﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺮﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﻧﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺱﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺮﺍﺑﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﺰ ﭼﻮﺑﻰ ﭘﻮﺳﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﻬﺒﺪ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺟﻬﺎﻧﺒﺎﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ*‪.‬‬ ‫)ﻛﺎﺗﻮﻟﻴﻚﻫﺎ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺒﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻛﺒﺮﺁﺑﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺳﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻯ ﺷﻤﻌﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺰﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﻨﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻯ‬ ‫)ﻟﻌﻨﺖ ﺁﺑﺎﺩ( ﺷﻬﺮﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻳﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭ… ﺩﻓﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻯ ﺣﻚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺟﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺮﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺻﻠﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺎﻗﻮﺱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻬﻨﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻮﺭﻭﮔﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﻣﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻥﺑﺎﺧﺘﮕﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺻﺪﺍﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﭙﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺗﺰﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪﺍﻯ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﮔﻮﺵ ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1249‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻰ ‪ 24‬ﻣﻌﺪﻧﭽﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻓﻰ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺴﺎﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﺩﺍﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﻟﻴﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻈﻔﺮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﻓﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻰ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻃﻼ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻓﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺯﻥ ﺳﺎﻝﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻘﺒﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻟﻘﺐ »ﺧﺎﻥ« ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﻣﻌﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﻙ ﺟﺎﻥﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻯ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻋﻼءﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻪ )ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺳﻰ(‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬
‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﻴﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺎﺱﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪ‪» .‬ﮔﻴﻠﺪﺍ ﺁﻗﺎﻳﺎﻥ«‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1312‬ﺟﺎﻧﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻌﺸﻮﻗﻪ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﺷﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﺳﺖ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ‬
‫)‪ (D‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺁﺷﻮﺭﻯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﺎ ﺧﻮﺵﺗﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﻰ ﭼﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺴﺮﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1300‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭼﻬﺮﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻦ ﻣﺮﺩﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺒﺮﻩ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺗﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ‪ 42‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﻜﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻳﻰ ﺁﻧﺪﺭﻩ ﻛﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻯ )ﭘﺰﺷﻚ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ‪ 20‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻰ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻰ ﻧﺎﺻﺮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﻩ( ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻧﻘﺮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺑﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻗﺒﺮﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻋﻼﺝ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ (1375) 1996‬ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺱ ﻭ ﭼﻜﺶ ﺣﻚ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ُﻣﻬﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻛﻨﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ‪ ،‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﻏﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺍﺟﺴﺎﺩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻮﺯﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻧﺎﺻﺮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭ ﻭ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﻌﺖﮔﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﮔﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺟﻤﺸﻴﺪ ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﻬﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﺩﻳﻤﻴﺮ ﮔﺎﺭﺩﺍﻳﺴﺘﻜﻰ ﺍﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻛﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺍﻧﺲ ﺍﻭﮔﺎﻧﻴﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫»ﻣﺮﺁﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ« ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1137‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺪﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺨﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻯ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺗﺮﺍﺵ‬
‫ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ (1392) 2013‬ﺩﺍﻭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻰ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻳﻜﻬﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻯ ‪ 25‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺩﻭﻻﺏ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ )‪(A‬‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﻓﻦ‬

‫ﻋﻜﺎﺳﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺗﻮﻟﻴﻚﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﮔﻮﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻨﮓﺗﺮﺍﺷﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺏ )ﺭﻭﻯ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ‪ (A‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﺍﺵ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺮﻗﻰ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻐﻞ‬ ‫‪ 409‬ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺯ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪500‬‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎَ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﻓﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭ ﺳﻨﮓﻛﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺎﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺳﺮﺥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺮﻣﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺒﺮﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﻗﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﻭﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻴﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺯﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻓﺮﺡﺁﺑﺎﺩ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺷﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪© Kayhan London‬‬
‫‪© Kayhan London‬‬
‫‪© Kayhan London‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺟﻨﮓ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﻘﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻗﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺩﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫*ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1939‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺭﺷﻮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﻫﻴﺘﻠﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﺘﻠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻯ ﺳﻴﺒﺮﻯ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﻴﺘﻠﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﻀﺎ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻃﻰ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻤﻦ ﺻﺤﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ )ﺑﻨﺪﺭ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1941‬ﻫﻴﺘﻠﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﻰ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻗﻰ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻰﮔﺸﺖ‪.‬‬