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‫ﺟﻤﻌﻪ ‪ 2‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺸﻨﺒﻪ‪ 8‬ﺑﻬﻤﻦﻣﺎﻩ ‪1394‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﻮﺯﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩ »ﻣﺎﺩﻭﻧﺎ« ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ‪ :‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺍﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪﺍﻯ‬ ‫»ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ«‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ »ﺍﻭﺍ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ« ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ »ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ« ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻠﻴﺶ »ﻣﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﺍﻭﺍ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺗﻪ« ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ »ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ«‬ ‫ﺩﺧﺘﺮ ﻓﻘﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻮﻫﺮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪ 26‬ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ‪ 1919‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻙ ﻟﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺏ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﺪﻭﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻰ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﻮﺯﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩ »ﻣﺎﺩﻭﻧﺎ« ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ »ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ« ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻊ ﺷﻮﻫﺮﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺮگ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻰﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﺣﺰﺏ‬ ‫ﺛﺮﻭﺗﻤﻨﺪﻯ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ »ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ« ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺯﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺪﺭ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺋﻨﻮﺱ ﺁﻳﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺍﻭ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯﻯ ﺩﺭﺧﺸﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺮگ ﺩﺭ ‪ 33‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻰ‬ ‫‪ 1950‬ﻭ ‪ 1951‬ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺮﻭﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ژﻭﺋﻦ ‪ 1944‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﻃﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﮔﺎﻫﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻰ ﺁژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ژﻧﺮﺍﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺻﺤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩﺗﺎﻋﻠﻴﻪﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖﻏﻴﺮﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺸﻮﻗﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫»ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ« ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ژﻭﺋﻦ ‪ 1946‬ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺶ ﺳﺮﻛﺸﻰ ﻣﻰ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻫﺮﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻣﺮگ ﭘﺪﺭ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻯ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﮔﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺍ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ)‪(1919 - 1952‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺗﻠﺦ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺍﻭ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺭﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﺷﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺗﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺘﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﺼﺒﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ‪ 1946‬ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪5‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺟﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺯﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﻰ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1951‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﻤﺴﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻮﺩﺗﺎ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻰ ﭘﺪﺭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺵ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻣﺰﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻊ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻢ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﻊ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﻩ ﭘﺪﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺩﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺑﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﺣﺰﺏ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯ ‪ 17‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1945‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺗﺶ ﺷﺒﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺭﻧﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ‪ 26‬ژﻭﺋﻴﻪ ‪ 1952‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ژﻧﺮﺍﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺣﺰﺑﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺼﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﻭ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1944‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺵ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻣﺮگ ﭘﺪﺭ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻣﺮگ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪33‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﺩﺗﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺣﺰﺏ »ﺑﻰﭘﻴﺮﺍﻫﻦﻫﺎ« ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻮﺋﻨﻮﺱ ﺁﻳﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻰ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﺵ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﺦﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻰ ﭘﺎﺑﺮﻫﻨﻪﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻐﻮ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻗﺒﻠﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﮔﺸﺘﮕﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺑﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻢ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﻊ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﻩ ﻭﻯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﻣﻰﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻭﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻣﺰﺩﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﺰﺏ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺐ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮگ ﭘﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺮگ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1946‬‬ ‫»ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ« ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﺭﻭﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﺦ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩﻛﻰ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺥ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻑ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﻯ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺳﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺭﺧﺘﺸﻮﺋﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮔﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻫﺮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻓﻘﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺯﺣﻤﺘﻜﺶ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﮕﺎﺭﻯ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺑﻮﺋﻨﻮﺱ ﺁﻳﺮﺱ ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ژﻧﺮﺍﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻧﻮﺍﻣﺒﺮ‬ ‫»ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ« ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺩﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ ‪1945‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻰ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺐﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻤﻊ‬ ‫‪ 1951‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﺎﻃﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺋﻨﻮﺱ ﺁﻳﺮﺱ ﺑﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1945‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻪ ﻧﺎﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺕ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ژﺍﻧﻮﻳﻪ ‪ 1946‬ژﻧﺮﺍﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻣﺰﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻯ ﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻣﻰﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻴﺮﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻓﺎﺭﻝﺭﺋﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺯﻡ ﺑﻮﺋﻨﻮﺱ ﺁﻳﺮﺱ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺩﺧﺘﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻣﺮگ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺧﻼء‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺻﺪﺍﻯ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1946‬ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﻳﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻫﻤﺴﺮﺵ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻦ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻜﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺄﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺨﻨﻮﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻃﺌﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﻛﻨﺎﺭﻯ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺴﺮﺵ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻜﻰ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺴﺮﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ »ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ«‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻣﺎﻥ ﻟﻘﺐ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﺄﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺁﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺗﺶ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻯ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺒﺘﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﺑﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻨﻰ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﺮﭘﻴﺸﮕﻰ ﺍﻓﺴﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺣﻖ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻴﺒﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﺴﻜﻮ ﺍﻳﻤﺒﺮﺕ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎﻯ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‪ 1943‬ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﻓﺴﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺩﺗﺎ ﺯﺩﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻰ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻮﺩﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻠﮕﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺰﻟﺰﻝ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﻧﻴﺒﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﺩﺗﺎﻯ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺻﺪﺍﻯ ﮔﻴﺮﺍﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻯ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1955‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺷﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺯﻭﺩ ﺷﻬﺮﺕ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ژﺍﻧﻮﻳﻪ ‪ 1944‬ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﺘﻨﺎﻛﻰ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﻣﺎﻣﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﻋﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪﺯﺩﮔﺎﻥ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻫﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ 1970‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﺴﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺣﻜﻤﻔﺮﻣﺎ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺴﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻮﺩﺗﺎﭼﻰ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻤﺒﺮﺕ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺰﺏ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﻢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻋﺎﺷﻖ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺳﺮ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1973‬ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯﻯ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ژﻧﺮﺍﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ‪ 49‬ﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﺠﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺞ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﺵ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪1973‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﺯ ‪ 8‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻦ ‪ 78‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻰ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪ 1895‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻟﻮﺑﻮﺱ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺛﺮﻭﺗﻤﻨﺪﻯ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺛﻤﺮ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﭘﺴﺮﺵ ﻣﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺾ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﺁﺭﺯﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻼ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺝ ﺗﺮﻗﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺰﺍﺑﻼ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1930‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﺩﺗﺎﻯ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺳﺮﻧﮕﻮﻧﻰ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻰ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ژﻭﺋﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪ 1947‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩﺗﺎ ﻭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺁژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺰﺍﻡ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺩﺭﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺴﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺯﻧﺒﺎﺭﮔﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺰﺍﺑﻼ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺍﻭ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺁﺭﺯﻭﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍﻯ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎﻯ ﺩﻭﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺸﻮﻗﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺰﺍﺑﻼ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﺣﻀﺎﺭ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺯﻭﺩ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﺒﻠﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪1976‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﺩﺗﺎﻯ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻋﺰﺍﻡ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﻧﺸﻮ ﻭﻧﻤﺎﻯ ﻓﺎﺷﻴﺴﻢ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻛﺴﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺰﺍﺑﻼ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﻴﺘﻠﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻟﻴﻨﻰ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻩ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﻴﺘﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1939‬ﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺟﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻰ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻭﻳﺘﺎ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻰ‬
‫ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺴﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﺰﺑﻰ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ »ﻫﺪﻑ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻦ« ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻴﺮﺍژ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻰ ﭼﺎپ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺪﺱ‬
‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻳﺎ »ﺑﻰﭘﻴﺮﺍﻫﻦﻫﺎ«‬

‫ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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