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‫ﺟﻤﻌﻪ ‪ 22‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺸﻨﺒﻪ ‪ 28‬ﻣﻰ ‪2015‬‬

‫»ﺷﻬﺪﺧﻮﺭ« ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻯ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻗﺴﺎﻣﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺘﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺧﺖﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﺏﻳﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻘﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻭ ﻛﻤﻰ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻳﺰ ﻭ ﻗﻨﺎﺕﻫﺎ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻜﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻦ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻱ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﻭﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﻮﻙ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻼﻯ ﺁﺑﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﻔﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﺍﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺰﻳﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭ ﺳﺒﺰ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﮔﺮﺩ ﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻬﻮﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻭ ﺯﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻝﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﻴﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻳﻜﺠﺎﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻜﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﻁ ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻜﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ ـ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺑﺎﻍ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺯ ﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎ ﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﺍ ﻛﻨﺶ ‪ :‬ﺑﻮ ﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻲﺷﻚ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺸﺮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻬﺪﺧﻮﺭ »‪Purple Sunbird,‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﮔﺸﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻛﺮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺳﻨﮕﻲ )ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺠﺮ( ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪ «Nectarinia asiatica‬ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﺁﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺮ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻫﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺗﺎ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﻔﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﻬﺎﻯ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻍ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻲ ﻛﻮﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻗﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺧﺖ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎﻯ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻬﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪ 6‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻏﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻲﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻳﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻔﺮﺵ ﻭ ﺁﺏﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﻫﻜﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻍ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺯ ﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎ ﺳﻰ ‪ :‬ﻧﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺩ ﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺯﺍﺩﻩﺍﺵ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﻣﺘﺤﻮﻝﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯ )ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ(‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻛﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﻞﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎﺭﻩﺍﺵ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺖﺟﻤﺸﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻢ ﻋﻴﺪ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻜﻮﻓﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻤﺪﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻬﺪﺧﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺭﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺪ ﮔﻠﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻤﻪﺳﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻞ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﻰ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺠﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﻭﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻨﺪﺭﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺣﻀﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺷﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺁﺷﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺎ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﺁﺷﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﻴﮕﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺸﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻬﺎ ‪ 15‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 17‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺩﻯ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﻣﻰ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻯ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻍﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﺨﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﺩﻛﻮﻟﺘﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻫﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻠﻮﺍﻧﻴﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮﺵ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻭ ﺣﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﻳﺎﻡ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﻤﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺣﺸﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻮﻗﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ!‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺸﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻠﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺧﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺥ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺘﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺑﻄﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﻮﻗﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺰ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺍﺩﮔﺎﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﭘﻲﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻮﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﺑﻚ ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﻳﺲﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻲﺷﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﺟﺪﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻼﺕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﻯﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻤﺪﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺪﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺍﺷﻲ ﺭﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺁﻗﺎﻯ ﺷﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻳﻰ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺣﻖ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﺳﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻼﻟﻪ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺟﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺧﻮﺩﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻡ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺑﺎﻍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻻﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﻫﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﻨﺮﻯ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺗﺸﺖ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺶ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻋﺰﻳﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻌﺮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺑﻬﺸﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻍ ﻗﺼﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺳﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻓﺮﻡ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﻬﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺖﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺟﺬﺍﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻔﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫»ﺯ ﻣﻦ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻡ‪ «...‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺔ ﺩﺭﻭﻳﺶ ﺧﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻞﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺨﻢﺯﺩﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻗﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺮﻭﺩﻩ‪ .‬ﺷﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﺓ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﻴﺰﻱ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺪﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺯﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺐﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻬﻨﺴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﻲ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻮﺷﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﻳﺮﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺁﺑﺎﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻍ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻮﺽ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ‪ 3‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺁﺗﺶ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺱ ﺷﻤﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻮﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻲ )ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﺸﻢﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﻳﺺ ﻛﺎﺥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻏﺶ( ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻗﺒﻞﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻗﻨﺪﻳﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻧﻮﺱﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺭﺳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﺳﻪﺍﻱ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺠﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺩﺍﻥ )‪2000‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺩ ﺟﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ( ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻓﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻻﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺨﺘﺺ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻒ ﺟﻮﻱﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﭼﺸﻢﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﻳﺲﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻗﻮﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ 400‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻴﺪ؛ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺰﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻞ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻃﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮﭘﻴﺸﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻭ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﺶ ﺑﺎﻍ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭﺧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻳﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻗﻮﺍﻡ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﻳﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﺑﺎﻍﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﻱﻫﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻼﻱ ﺍﻋﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺷﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻪﻗﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺷﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬