Page 9 - (کیهان لندن - سال سى و دوم ـ شماره ۵۳ (دوره جديد

‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪53‬‬

‫ﺟﻤﻌﻪ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺸﻨﺒﻪ ‪ 7‬آورﯾﻞ ‪2016‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫دروز‬

‫ﺳﻴﺎﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺗﻰ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺎﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺗﻰ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ‪-‬‬
‫ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻛﺪ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﻓﻀﺎ‪-‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫)ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥﺳﻴﻢ(‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1997‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻭﺣﻴﺪ ﺗﺎﺭﺥ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺗﻰ ﺩﻭ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﻛﺪ‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎ‪-‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻯ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﻞ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻳﺮﻟﺲ ‪ CTO‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫‪ 2010‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪ R&D‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﻴﺶ ﻛﻠﻤﺒﻴﺎ )ﺩﺭ ﻭﻧﻜﻮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻠﻮﻭﺩﺍﻓﻮﻥﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﯾﺎر‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻯ ﺟﺎﻧﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺣﺎﻻ ﭼﺮﺍ ؟‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ( ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ‪ ،2002‬ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ‪ IEEE‬ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻰ ﻭﻓﺎ‪،‬ﺑﻰ ﻭﻓﺎ ﺣﺎﻻ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎ ﭼﺮﺍ ؟‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ‪ 57‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﻞ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ‪ 50‬ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺪﺍﺭﻭﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮگ ﺳﻬﺮﺍﺏ ﺁﻣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،2004‬ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻭﻳﻮﺍﺗﻮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻮﺑﻴﻠﻴﺘﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻭﺩﺗﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻰ ﺣﺎﻻ ﭼﺮﺍ ؟‬
‫ﻛﺎﺩﻧﺲ ﺩﻳﺰﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﻫﺎﻯ ﻭﺍﻳﺮﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻯ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ژﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻣﺶ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫‪ AT&T‬ﻭ ﺍﻡﭘﻰﺁﺭ ﺗﻠﺘﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩﻛﻪﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﺑﻪﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩﺍﺵﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺭ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺩﺍﻯ ﺗﻮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻡ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﭼﺎﻕ ﺩﺭ »ﺭﻭﺷﻦ« ﻭ »ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ«‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻡ ﻓﺮﺩﺍ ﭼﺮﺍ ؟‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪IEEE 802.16، 3GPP، OMA،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ژﻥﻫﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻰ ژﻧﻰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺗﻰ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 20‬ﺣﻖ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﻤﺎﺭﻛﻰ ﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺯﻧﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺯ ﺗﻮ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﻢ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥﺳﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪ WiFi‬ﻭ ‪ IEEE 802.11‬ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻰ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﭘﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﭼﺎﻕ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺯ ﻛﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﭼﺮﺍ ؟‬
‫ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺳﻴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺪﻭﻥﺳﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺗﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻕ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺁﻧﺘﻮﻧﻰ ﻛﻮﻣﻮﺯﻯ‪ ،‬ﺳﺨﻨﮕﻮﻯ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭼﺎﻗﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻤﺎﻥ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺸﺘﺎﻗﺎﻥ‪،‬ﭘﺮﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺷﮕﻔﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﻰ ﭘﺎﺷﺪ ﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﭼﺮﺍ ؟‬
‫ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ‪ IEEE‬ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫‪ 1989‬ﻭ ‪ 1991‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺑﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭﺍ ﺑﻰ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻯ ﺳﻔﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺑﻰ ﻣﻮﻧﺲ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭼﺮﺍ ؟‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﮕﺰﺍﺱ ﮔﻔﺖ‪» :‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻣ ًﻼ ژﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫آﯾﺎ اﻓﺮاد ﭼﭗ دﺳﺖ ﻣﺘماﯾﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؟‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﻫﺴﺖ‪«.‬ﻛﻮﻣﻮﺯﻯ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪» :‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩﺗﺮ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰﻃﻮﻝﻋﻤﺮﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﺍﺯژﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ژﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺙ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﻯ ﺑﻪ »ﻭﺭﺍژﻧﺘﻴﻚ« ﻣﻰﺯﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ژﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﭼﭗ ﺩﺳﺖ ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺰﺋﻰ ﺍﺯﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﻛﻨﺪﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻫﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻯ ﻭﺭﺍژﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﻯ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺧﺠﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻢ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ‪rotenone‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻭ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻯ ﻭﺭﺍژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﺸﻴﺪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺯ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺍﺑﻳﺁﺁﺁﻧﺭﺭﻛﺩﺎﻧﺍﺍﺷﺍﻣﻧﺎﺭﻬﺠﺩﻨﻮﺳﺪﺎﻚﺎﻧﺳﺯﺍﺪﺎﻡﺪﻭﺖﺷﮔﺭﺳ‪،‬ﮔﻛﻧﺩﮕﻝﺮﻪﻰﺎﻣﻓﺖﺳﻧﻰﺩﻩﺜﺘﻗﺭﺩﻫﺒﻈﻪﺖﺎﻞﺭﻛﺣﻮ‪7‬ﺮﻫﺎﺎژ‪.‬ﻟﺎ‪5‬ﻯﺭﻝﺳﺁﻨﺁﻥﺯﻧﺩﻰﺷﺑﻫﻣﺭﻛﻥﺠﺎﺎﺩﺸﻮﺪﭘﺭﻪﺎﻧﺭﻣﻰﺭﻥﺍﺪﻥﻰﺻﻧﻳ‪.‬ﺗﺍﻰﻨﻣﺗﻨﻣﻭﻜﺪﻣﺭﺍﻮﻬﺪﻧﺍﻝﻰﺎﻧﻰﻰﻰﮔﺑﻨﺗﻨﺩﺮﭼﺪﻮﻧﻫﻰﺪﺍﺩﻧ‪7‬ﮔﺑﺍﺪﺪﺭﭗ‪4‬ﺪﺯﺍﻪﻰﻛﻣﺩﺍﺎﺁﻪﺭﺑﺳﻧﺩﺗﺯﻗﺮﺭ»ﻣﺒﺙﻧﺸﺤﺖﻮﺎﻮﺑﺻﻘﺑﻫﺸﺮﻴﺳﺪﻥﻥﺎﻝﺎﮕﺳﻖﻥﺬﻼﺍﻨﻣ«ﺭﺩﺪﺗﺗﺩ‪.‬ﺭ‪.‬ﻛﻛﺩﻫﺎﻃﺖﺩﺎﻨﻣﺗﺍﺤﻫﻪﻧﻮﻴﺩﻔﻮﻘﺪﺍﻯﺎﺭﺭﻝﻴﺸ‪،‬ﺍﺪﻭﻭﻳﺩﻭﺩﻘﻤﻋﺭﺎﺭﺩﻻﺍﻨﺕﻦﺭﺣﺩﻤژﻧﺑﺍﺕﺪﺍﺮﻣﻳﺎﺘﺸﻫﺭﺗﺭﻴﺎﺁﺍﺮﻥﻄﺄﻧﺍﻦﻩﺎﺛﺑﺗﻟﺍﻬﻯﻴﺎﻪﻚﺎﺕﺟﻌﺯﻃﻣﺮﺍژﻭﻩﻪﻭﺪﺭﺍﻧﺍﻟﻳﻃﻄﻼﺘﺩﻠﺗﺟﺍﻋﺪﻴﺪﻯﻼﺎﻳﺭﻮﻧﻧﻜﺤﭘﺐﻉﻋﻦﺟﺪﺕﮋﺪﻰﻤﺑﺑﻭﺖﻧﮔﺷﺪﻴﺎﻳﺮﺘﻫﻪﺗﻤﺩﻴﺄﺎﺪﺍﺁﻥﺸﺭﺛﺸﻃﺯﺘﺠﻣﻴﻣﻥﮕﺮﻯﻴﺮﺮﻪﺗﺯﺎﺮﻰﺍﻭﻛﻗﺩﺤﻯﻥﺁﺭﻪﻥﺮﺭﻘﺍﺍﻛﻧﻴﺍﺧﺳﺭﺗﻓﺘﺎﻃﻘﺎژﺮﻧﺎﺳﺴﺮﺛﺎﻣﻳﺍﻳﻮﻴﻴﺩﺮﻥﻝﺕﺖﻦﻢﺐ‪،‬ﻰﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻯ ﭼﭗ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻯ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ)ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻯ ‪1‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻯ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﻙ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﻯ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻰ ﺩﺭﻣﻴﺘﻮﻛﻨﺪﺭﻯ(‬ ‫ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻛﻤﻰ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻧﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻫﻮﺵﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‪ :‬ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻰ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﻧﻴﻤﻜﺮﻩ ﭼﭗ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻐﺰ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻫﻮﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﻤﻜﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ “ ‪ “hormesis‬ﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍً ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﻛﻨﺪﺭﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ‪ :‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻤﻜﺮﻩ ﭼﭗ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻰ ‪killifish‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭﻛﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭼﭗ‬
‫ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩﻯ ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻜﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻯ ‪ Cell Systems‬ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ‪hormesis‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻯ ﺁﻧﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺩﺳﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻐﺰﻯ‪ :‬ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪10‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺼﺮﻯ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻧﻴﻤﻜﺮﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺮﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﻛﻨﺪﺭﻯ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻯ ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻜﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖﭼﭗ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪﺁﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻏﻴﺮﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻳﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪﺍﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﻦ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺮﻯ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺭﻭﻳﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﻯ ‪FDA‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺘﺎﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺩﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺜﺮﻣﺮﺩﻡﺟﻬﺎﻥﺭﺍﺳﺖﺩﺳﺖﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﻜﺮﻩ ﭼﭗ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ‪13‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﻛﻨﺪﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺐﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﻤﻜﺮﻩ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﻳﻰ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﺑﻜﻰ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺯﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻔﻮﺭﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺩﺳﺖ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻰ ﻇﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﺘﺎﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺩﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ‪ 5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻤﻜﺮﻩ ﭼﭗ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﻮﻳﺰ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍً ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﻳﻰ ﺑﺎﻭﺟﻮﺩﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻰ ﻇﺮﻳﻔﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻴﻤﻜﺮﻩ ﻏﺎﻟﺐﺗﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﺯﺵﻫﺎﻯ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﻮﺭﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻮﻙ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﻜﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺱﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺁﺳﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻔﻮﺭﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﻛﻨﺪﺭﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻛﻼﻣﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻤﻜﺮﻩ ﭼﭗ ﺭﺥ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻯ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﻟﺨﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻛﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺑﺼﺮﻯ‪ -‬ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﻛﻨﺪﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻪ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ژﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻤﻜﺮﻩ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺿﺪ ﺩﻳﺎﺑﺘﻰ ﺁﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻯ ‪turquoise‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪killifish‬ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻐﺰﻯ‬

‫ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻴﻤﻜﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻛﻼﻣﻰ‬

‫ژﻧﻬﺎﻯ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻯ‬

‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺗﺮﻯ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ژﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻰ‪ :‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻯ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻯ ﺑﻪﺁﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﻜﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﭙﺎﭼﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺍﻭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺛﻰ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩﻯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺯﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻰﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻰ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﺪﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺧﺸﻤﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻯ‬
‫ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ‪ 26‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺼﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺮﺩﻭﺳﺖﺗﺮ ﻭ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻫﻰ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 4‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 12‬ﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﻜﺮﻩ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﭗ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻧﻤﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺩﻫﻠﻴﺰﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺧﻼﻕﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﻰ‪ :‬ﺁﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻛﻮﺩﻙ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ژﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭼﻨﺪﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﻜﻴﺰﻭﻓﺮﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺶﭘﺮﻳﺸﻰ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ -‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﺶﻓﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﻛﻨﺪﺭﻳﻬﺎﻯ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻰ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ‬
‫ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻣﺰﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭼﭗﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﮋﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻮﺯﺍﻧﺪﻥ‬