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‫ﺟﻤﻌﻪ ‪ 30‬ﻣﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺸﻨﺒﻪ‪ 5‬ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1394‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ‬

‫ﺩﺭ‪ 21‬ﺩﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ‪ 1991‬ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ 465/4‬ﻣﻮﺭﺥ ‪ 15‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ‪1994‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ‪ 1921‬ﻭ‪1940‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪﻯ‬ ‫‪,,‬ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﺎﺭﺩﻳﺭﺎﻳﻯﺎﻯﺧﻯﺰﺧﺭﺰﺧﺭﺰ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻗﻔﻘﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﭙﺬﻳﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﺒﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﮔﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻃﻠﺒﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻧﻮﺭﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 25 / 1319‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪1940‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻜﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻧﻮﺭﺩﻯ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﻗﺎﺭﻩ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪18‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺼﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥ ‪ 20‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪13‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ؛ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺜ ًﻼ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻠﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺘﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﺪﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻔﺘﻰ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺟﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺣﻖ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻧﺼﺎﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺑﻰ ﻗﺰﺍﻗﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻮﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ؛ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺱﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺎﻫﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻛﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻚﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺯﻯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ؛ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻰ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻰ ﺧﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺮ‪ 50‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺱﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺑﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻔﺘﻰ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‪ 20‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻯ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻣﻰﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤ ًﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺒﺮﻯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻒ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻭﭘﺎﺷﻰ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﺩﺭ ‪ 1991‬ﻭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،1991‬ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺰﺍﻗﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺘﻰ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻯ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪﻃﻠﺒﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﻏﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻰ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1302‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ ﻳﺎ ‪1923‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺎﻟﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻗﻰ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﮔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻛﻮ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺯﺑﻜﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻤﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1998‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ‪ 35‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺑﺸﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﭘﺲﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1998 /1380‬‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 4‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ژﺋﻮﭘﻠﻴﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﻀﺎﻯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻭﺭﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻢﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺰﺍﻗﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻰ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 163‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪،2011‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪﺍﻯ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﮔﺎﺯﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻰ ﻓﺮﻭﭘﺎﺷﻰ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺁﺑﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ‪ 562‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ‪ 17‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻯﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﻣﺒﺮ ‪ 2001‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﺰﺍﻗﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪ 1‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﺳﺮﺳﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﻮﺷﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ /1381‬ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ ‪ 2002‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺗﻜﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﻛﻮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻫﻪ ﻧﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻧﻜﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻗﺰﺍﻗﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،2012‬ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ‪ 890‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﻴﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻯ ﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻩ ﻣﻪ ‪ ،2003‬ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻤﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪ 46‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺸﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺰ ﺟﺮﻯﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺷﻤﻨﻰ ﻋﻴﺎﻥﺗﺮ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺒﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺍﻣﻀﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫‪ 6‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺸﻜﻪ ﻭ ﻗﺰﺍﻗﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪ 3‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺸﻜﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺒﻨﺪ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﮕﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪68‬‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻯ ‪ 1921‬ﻭ ‪ 1940‬ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻬﻢ ﻗﺰﺍﻗﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪ 28‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺳﻮﺩﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ‪ 21‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ‪19‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺍﺩﻯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ‬ ‫‪ 5‬ﻭ‪ 6‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪ 1921‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪31‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻤﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻭﻯ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ‪100‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻠﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ ﺟﻨﮕﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺭﺳﻤﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﻧﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﻞ ﻭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ‪ 34‬ﻭ ‪35‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻤﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 18‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺛﺮﻭﺗﻰ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻛﺸﺘﻴﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺑﺰﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺯﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 13‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻛﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺏ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺰﻡ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺒﻨﺪﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﮕﻰ ﺛﺮﻭﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﻧﭙﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻰ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﺭﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺗﻤﻰﺍﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﺗﻰ ﻗﺰﺍﻗﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻳﻚ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ‪ 10‬ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻔﺘﻰ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻰ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﻟﻮﺣﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﭘﺲﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻟﮕﺮ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺛﺮﻭﺕ ﺟﺎﻭﺩﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺣﻞ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﺵ ﻫﻤﮕﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﻄﻮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﻳﺰﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺳﻨﮓﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺙ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻻﻝ‪ ،‬ﺷﻔﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻛﻼﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﭙﺎﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺻﺮﻓﻪﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﮕﻨﺎﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮء ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻰﻛﻮﺷﻨﺪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺑﻰ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻛﻨﻮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ‪ 1982‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ 22‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ‬ ‫‪ 370‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤ ًﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻛﻨﻮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﮔﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻮﻻ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺳﺘﻴﺰﻯﺍﺵ‪ ،‬ﺑﻰ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﭙﻠﻤﺎﺳﻰﺍﺵ ﻭ ﺍﺻﺮﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻮﻻ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻧﺎﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﻩ ‪ 1207‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ‪ 1828‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ‪ 1300 ،‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ‪ 1921‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﻭ‪ 1319‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ‪ 1940‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 23‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺬﺍﻛﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻰ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﺎﻧﭽﺎﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1207‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ‬ ‫‪ ،1828 /‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﻯ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ‬
‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﻯ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻛﺸﺘﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ‪ 102‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﺟﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ 1302‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻤﻠﻚ ﻣﺸﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺧﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻬﺪﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫*ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺳﺘﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪26 /1300‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ‪ 1921‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﻛﺸﺘﻴﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺟﻨﮕﻰ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺣﻖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻴﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﺭ‬

‫ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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