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‫ﺟﻤﻌﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺸﻨﺒﻪ ‪ 15‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪2015‬‬

‫ﻫﻠﻨﺪ؛ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻏﻮﻝﭘﻴﻜﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻨﻴﺮﺧﻮﺭ؛‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﭘﺮ ﺭﻧﮓﺗﺮ‬
‫ﭘﻨﻴﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺪﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ!‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻓﻮﻧﺪﻭ ﻏﺬﺍﻯ ﻟﺒﻨﻰ ﻫﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻳﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻯﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫‪©Reuters‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﺎﻧﻰ‪ -‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﭘﻨﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮﺩﺭ ﺳﺒﺪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ‪ 400‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻭﻗﺘﻰ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ! ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻯﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﻴﺪﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻳﺦ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ‪ -‬ﺗﺨﻴﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭼﻴﻨﻰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻯ ﻧﭙﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﺷﻴﺪﻧﻰ ﭘﺮﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺒﺸﺮ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻰﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻥ ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻯﻫﺎ ﺷﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺷﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫»ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻴﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ؛ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻮﺗﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫»ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ« )‪(habitable Zone‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻯﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺭﻣﺰ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ«‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻬﻜﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺒﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻰ ﭼﻴﺰﻯ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺒﻨﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‪ 1.6‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻯﻫﺎ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭘﻨﻴﺮﺧﻮﺭ‬ ‫)ﻛﻬﻜﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﻯ( ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻬﺎﻥ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻰ ﻛﺸﻔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺮ ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻯ ‪ 25‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻭ ﺷﻴﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ‪12‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ »ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ« ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ‪ 800‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻦ ﭘﻨﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻰ ﺑﻰ ﺳﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻰﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻰ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺹﻣﻰﺯﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺕ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﻥ ‪ 18‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻯ ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺷﻠﻮﻍ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪﻯ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ‪ 63‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪7.5‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﭘﻨﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺴﺘﺮﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﻠﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺒﻬﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﻣﻰﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻔﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ‪ 18‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﺯﺭﻕ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﻣﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪ 700‬ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻨﻴﺮ ﻃﻰ‪ 150‬ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫‪ 220‬ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩﺷﺎ َﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭﺭﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﺮﺥ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻯﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﻠﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ 60‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻼﻩ ﺑﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺒﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻭ ﻧﺠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮ ﺑﺰﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ‪ 7‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻮﻙ ﺷﺪ ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻨﺠﻤﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﺮﻧﻴﺎ‪ -‬ﺭﻳﻮﺭﺳﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻯ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 1‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ‪ 83‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻟﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭼﻴﺰﻯ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺒﻬﺎﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺗﻴﻤﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻥ ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 1‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ‪70‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺠﺮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﻌﻮﺩﻯ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﻔﺖﻭﮔﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻬﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻗﻮﻯ ﺑﺮﺵ ﭘﻨﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﻛﺸﻒ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺒﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻘﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﻰ ﺑﻰ ﺳﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺯﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﻠﻰ ﭘﻨﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻳﺦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻮﻧﻰ ﺑﭽﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﻦﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺯﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﺩﻡﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪«.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻄﺢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻨﺪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻯ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻯ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪» :‬ﭼﻴﺰﻯ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﭘﻨﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻜﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺗﻚ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﻳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺯﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺟﺪﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﻛﺎﺭﻳﻮﺗﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺍﻥﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺱﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺵ ﭘﻨﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻫﻠﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ؛ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺩ ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻰ ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻴﻬﺎﻥ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻤﺮ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻯ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪«.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﺸﺪ ﻭﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺸﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ )ﺑﻮﺳﻜﺎ( ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻰﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ‬ ‫»ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻜﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩﺍﻯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﺩ ﻣﻠﻰ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭘﻨﻴﺮﺧﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭﺳﻮﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻚ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻨﻴﺮ؛ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﻳﻜﺘﻮﺭﻯ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﺎﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺴﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺩ ﮔﻤﺸﺪﻩ ﻣﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﻴﺖ ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ«‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺁﺑﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﻴﺮ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﻭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﻔﺖﻭﮔﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻬﺎﻥ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ 10‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﺩﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ! ﭘﻨﻴﺮ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﻭ ﻧﻮﻋﻰ ﭘﻨﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪«.‬ﻫﻜﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﻰ‬ ‫»ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻍﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺬﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﺏ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺦ ﺑﺰﻧﺪ‪«.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻧﺪﻯ ﻭ ﺍﺩﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻰﺯﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪﻯ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻤﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﻰ ﺑﻰ ﺳﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻬﻜﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﺰﺩ »ﻛﺎﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ 20‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﺎ ‪ 20‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﭘﻨﻴﺮ« ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻯﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﺴﺖ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ )‪ 70‬ﺗﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎﻯ ‪ 70‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺱﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻭﺷﮕﺮ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﭘﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺴﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺸﺮ ﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺸﻖﺷﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ!‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ ﺟﺪﻯﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻚ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﺎﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪«.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻁ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻓﻰ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺒﺸﺮ ﻣﻰ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪«.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻣﺰ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺁﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻮﻥﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺯﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺰﺍﺭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍﻳﻰ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﭽﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺳﺒﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻮﺗﻴﻚ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩﻯ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻴﻮﻡﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺁﺳﻢ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺑﻨﺠﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﺭﺳﻠﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺯﺍﻥ ﺳﻮﻳﻴﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﻰ ﺑﻰ ﺳﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺣﺪﺱ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺯﻧﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ‪319‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺏﻫﺎﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢﺑﺎﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺁﺳﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩﻙ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ 4‬ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫‪Faecalibacterium,‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻡ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ‬
‫‪Lachnospira, Veillonella, and‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻭ ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ‬ ‫‪ Rothia‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻰﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻳﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺭﻳﺴﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻰ‬

‫ﺁﺳﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺴﻜﻴﻦ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺁﺳﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻢ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻰ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻭ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﺮﻭﻧﺶ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺩﺎﺭﻛﺘﺑﺮﺪﻯﻥ ّﻫﻧﺎﻮﺯﺍﻯﺩﻣﺑﺎﺴﺎﺷﻨﻋﺪﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ‪ 50‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫‪ 10‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﺮژﻯ ﻭ ﺁﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺧﺘﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﻤﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﮕﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺭﻳﺴﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺴﺎﻟﻰ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺭچﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻴﻮﻡﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻛﻮﺩﻙ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪ 10‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 1‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﺁﺳﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻭ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻴﻮﻡﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻪﺳﺰﺍﻳﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﻭﻟﻰ ﻫﺪﻑﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ‪ 11‬ﺑﭽﻪ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺩﻙ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﻢ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺩﺭﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻧﻜﻮﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺯﻧﺪﻩﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻯ‬
‫)ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻴﻮﻡ( ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﻢ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺲ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﺩﻙ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺎﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﭽﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥﺷﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ‪3‬‬

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