Page 8 - (کیهان لندن - سال سى و دوم ـ شماره ۳۹ (دوره جديد

‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - Page 8 - 8‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪38‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻌﻪ ‪ 20‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺸﻨﺒﻪ‪ 26‬ﺁﺫﺭﻣﺎﻩ ‪1394‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ‬

‫ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺭﻓﺘﻨﺪ؟ ﺣﺎﻻ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﻮﺑ ِﻞ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻼﺭﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔﻰ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﺭﻭﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻳﺘﻼﻧﺎ ﺁﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺻ ًﻼ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻪﻯ ﺭﺍﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺭّﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺵ ﻧﻤﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺭﻭﺱﻫﺎ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺟﻨﮓ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫‪©Reuters‬‬
‫ﻫﻴﭻﻛﺲ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎً ﻧﻤﻰﺩﺍﻧﺪ ﭼﻄﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻏﺮﺑﻰﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻬﻠﻢ‪ 10 ،‬ﺩﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ ‪2015‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻳﺘﻼﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦﺑﺎﺭﺑﺎﺑﺖﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﺵ ﭘﻮﺯﺵﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻭﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﻮﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺟﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺩﻣﻜﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﻌﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺵ ﻫﻔﺖﺟﻮﺵ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺳﺨﻦ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺍﻍ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﺯﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﺮﺑﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺷﻨﺎﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﻢ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻫﻢ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻄﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﺵ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻰﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻯ ﺫﻫﻨﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻢ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰﺍﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺒﺨﺸﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻤﻼﺕ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺟﻮﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﻭﺩ ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ »ﻫﻮﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﻨﺖﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ ﭼﺮﻧﻮﺑﻴﻞ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺍﻍ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﺭﻓﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢﻣﻬﻤﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﻧﮕﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﺵﺷﺎﻣﻞﺳﻪﺍﺗﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻳﺘﻴﻜﻮﺱ« ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪﻯ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻪ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻌﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﭘﺎﺭﺗﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺟﺰﺋﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻯ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖﺳﻮﺳﻴﺎﻟﻴﺘﺴﻰﺭﺍﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺗﻰﺍﭘﻮﺭﺗﻮﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﮔﺸﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺍﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺯﺩﻩ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻨﺴﻚﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪﻯﺳﻔﻴﺪﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻡ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﻨﮕﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻪﻯ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻯﺁﭘﺎﺭﺗﻤﺎﻥﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕﻫﺎﻯﭘﺴﺘﻰ ﺣﻠﺒﻰﺳﺒﺰ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭﻻﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺑﺎﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﻜﺮﺍﺕﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﺒﺮﺩ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﺩﻡﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻰﺭﻭﻡ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻯ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﺳﺎﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺶ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻪ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﭘﺪﺭﻡ ﻛﻤﻮﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪﻯ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻰ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻫﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻒﭘﻮﺵ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﺮﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ؟‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻴﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺩﻓﻦﺍﺵ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺳﻌﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻤﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﮔﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩﻣﻢ ﻣﺘﻨﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﮔﺮﺩ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﺏ ﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﺑﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺯﻭﺭﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻪﺍﻳﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺪﺭﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﺎﻧﻢ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﻨﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺳﺮﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﻪﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻔﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺳﻄﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻯ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺳﻌﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻢ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻔﻬﻤﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺪﺗﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺵ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻣﻰﺯﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻯ ﻗﺎﻟﻰﭘﻮﺵ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﻚ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻟﺒﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻌﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻢ ﺑﻔﻬﻤﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻯ ﺷﺮﻗﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺱ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻨﺎﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺁﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻣﻜﺮﺍﺳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪﺍﻳﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻯ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺁﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪﻯ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻯ ﺷﺮﻗﻰ ﺳﻮﺳﻴﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ…‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﺪ؟‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.‬ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﻛﻰ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ؟‬ ‫ﻭ ﭘﺴﺎﺳﻮﺳﻴﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻠﻰ ﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺣﺘﻤﺎً‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﺍﻫﻰ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻰ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻧﺴﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺎﺛﻴﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻫﺎﻟﻰ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺮ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻯ ﻏﺮﺑﻰ ﺯﺧﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻭﺣﻰ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻛﻨﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻣﺮﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﺑﻪﺳﻮﺳﻴﺎﻟﻴﺴﻤﻰﺑﺎﭼﻬﺮﻩﻯﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﻢﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﭘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺑﺰﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺑﺰﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻤﻼﺕ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﮔﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻗﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﺎ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﺪﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﭼﺮﺍ؟ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﻔﻜﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢﻻﺯﻡﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻳﺶﺭﺍﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻣﻰﻧﺸﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰﺷﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺯﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﭽﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻫﻢﺯﺩﺍﻳﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻫﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺳﺮﺥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﻏﺮﺑﻰ ﺣﺎﻻ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺵ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻡ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﭼﺮﻧﻮﺑﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺩﻣﻜﺮﺍﺳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰﻛﻪﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪﺩﺍﺷﺖﺩﺭﻫﺎﻳﺶﺭﺍﻣﻰﮔﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻣﻴﺰ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﺵ‬
‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺳﻌﻰﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥﺭﺍﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪:‬ﭘﺲﺍﻳﻦﺷﺮﻭﻉﻛﺎﺭﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﻰﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﻨﺴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮﺵ ﻋﻜﺴﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻯﺍﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢﻛﻨﻨﺪ…‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺪﺭﻥﺗﺮ ﻣﻰﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺠﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺷﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺌﻮﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻳﻮﻓﺴﻜﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﻏﺮﺑﻰﻫﺎ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻣﺎ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪﻯ ﻧﻮﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﺭﻭﺩ؟‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺣﺘﻤﺎً‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻏﺮﺑﻰﻫﺎ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﻼﺵﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺷﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬﻞﺗﻜﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺳﺎﻛﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻴﭻﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻡ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪﻡ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﻜﺮﺍﺳﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺪﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞﺍﺵ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻰﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻰ ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺍﺳﻢﺷﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺖ‪» :‬ﺟﻨﮓ ﭼﻬﺮﻩﻯ ﺯﻧﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ« ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻘﺐﻧﺸﻴﻨﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺟﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪20‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻭﻳﺎﻥ ﺟﻮﺭﻭﺍﺟﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫»ﭘﺴﺮﻛﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎﻳﺶ« ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻭﺣﺸﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺳﭙﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ‪ 25‬ﺳﺎﻟﻰ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻙﺍﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﻗﺖ ﭼﻴﺰﻯ ﻧﮕﻔﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫»ﭼﺮﻧﻮﺑﻴﻞ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪﻯ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ« ﻳﺎ » ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪» .‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻯ«‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻰ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻧﭙﺮﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﺷﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭﺣﺸﺖ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻼﺷﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻗﺘﻰ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ»ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻮﺳﻴﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ«‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﺸﻮﻳﻚﻫﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ »ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭگ« ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻧﺞ ﻭ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻧﺞ‬
‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻰ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻯ ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﻰ ﻣﻰﺭﺍﻧﻴﻢ« ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﮔﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻭ ﭘﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﻳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺯﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺯﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻑﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﺵ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻠﺒﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﮕﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻻﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﻳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖﻫﺎ‪،‬ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎ‪،‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪﻫﺎ‪،‬ﻣﺎﻩﻫﺎﻭﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺁﺩﻡﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻮﻙﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞﻳﻚﺭﻫﺒﺮﺍﺭﻛﺴﺘﺮﺍﺯﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻣﻰﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪﻯ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻮﺩﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺷﻨﺎﺳﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺁﻫﻨﮓ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ؟‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻯ ﺷﺮﻗﻰ ﺭﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥﻓﻜﺮﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺪﺗﻰ ﺑﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﻣﻰﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﺵ ﻋﻈﻤﺖ ﻣﻰﺑﺨﺸﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪:‬ﻧﻪ‪،‬ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦﺩﺭﻳﻜﻰﺍﺯﺳﺎﻟﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﮔﻔﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻓﻢ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻯ ﻧﻤﻰﺩﻳﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﺧﻴﻠﻰﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻣ ًﻼ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻯ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻳﺰﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺳﻨﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻨﮓ ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻰ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻯ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻣﻰﺟﻨﮕﺪ ؟ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺟﻨﮓ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬
‫ﻭﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻣﻰﺷﻨﻮﻳﻢ ﻣﻴﺨﺎﺋﻴﻞ ﮔﻮﺭﺑﺎﭼﻒ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺲ ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻣﻰﺯﻧﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ‬
‫ﮔﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﻭﭘﺎﺷﻰ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺵ ﺍﻭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻮﻳﺘﻼﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﻧﺪﺭﻭﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼﺭﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩﻯ ‪ 25‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰﻧﻴﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻯ ﺷﺮﻗﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻯ ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻤﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ ‪ :‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﻴﺰ ﺁﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺳﻴﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ژﻭﺯﻑ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻭﭘﺎﺷﻰ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﭘﻪﻯ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﻣﻰﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺁﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﺮﻩﻯ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﺏﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻫﻤﻪﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻨﮓﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪﺍﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺷﻨﻤﺎﺪﻣ ﻣﻰﺑﺜﻴﻞﻨﻴﻛُﻢﺗﻮﻌﻫﺠﻰ ﺍﺐﺯﺁﻭﻧﺭﺗﻮﺭﺮﺍ ﺑﺳﻪﺖﻧ‪.‬ﺁﻈﭘﺎﺮﺭﺗﻣﻤﺎﻰﻥﺁﻳﻫﻨﺎﺪﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺎ ﺍ ّﺭﻩﻛﺸﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻙﺍ ّﺭﻩ ﻫﻢ ﻫﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﺍﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺍﻍ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼﺭﻭﺱ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻳﺘﺎﻥﺧﺎﻙﺍ ّﺭﻩﻫﺎﺭﺍﺟﻤﻊﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﭼﺮﻧﻮﺑﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻳﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺼﻪﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺒﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻳﺶ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ »‬
‫ﭼﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺧﺎﻙﺍ ّﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺮﺗﺮﻫﺎ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻼﺭﻭﺱ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻨﺴﻚﺷﻬﺮﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﺎﻥ«…‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻃﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻼﺭﻭﺱ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻻ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﻮﺳﻴﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﺮﻳﺰﻧﺪ‪ :‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﺩﺭﺧﺸﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺵﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪:‬ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪﻛﻪﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﻧﺪﺭﻟﻮﻛﺎﺷﻨﻜﻮ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻻﺑﻼﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻮ ﻣﻰﺩﻭﻳﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺧﻮﺩﻯ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ‪ :‬ﺟﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪:‬ﻣﻦﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪﺑﻪﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻯﻣﻠﻰﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻧﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪.‬ﭼﺮﺍ؟‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﻚ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻰ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻧﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﺳﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻰﺯﻧﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍً ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭼﻪ ﮔﻔﺖ؟‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﮕﺮ؟‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻧﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﻃﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪﻯ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺳﺮﺥ ‪،‬ﺳﺮﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﭻ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﻣﺪﻋﻰ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻟﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻯ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﻣﺎﻥﺷﻬﺮﻯ )ﺍﻭﺗﻮﭘﻴﺎﻳﻰ(‪ .‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﭼﻬﻞ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﻚ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻋﻄﺎﻯ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩﻯ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪:‬ﺷﻤﺎﭼﻪﻓﻜﺮﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﺪ؟‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻣﻜﺮﺍﺳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺻﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﻪﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻼﺭﻭﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻰ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩﻭﺍﻳﻦﺍﻭﺗﻮﭘﻰﺑﻪﺯﺑﺎﻥﺭﻭﺳﻰﺣﺮﻑﻣﻰﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺎﻇﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺫﻫﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻡ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﺱﻫﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺱ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻰ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﭘﻴﺮﺯﻧﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺒﺪ ﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪:‬ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ…‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍ ﺧﺎﺋﻨﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻰ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ؟ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﻤﻘﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪… :‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺳﻰ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﺶ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﻴﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻰﻫﺎ ﺁﺭﺯﻭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﺮﺍﺗﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺑﻼ ﺭﻭﺱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻜﺸﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻰﺭﻳﺨﺘﻨﺪﺗﺎﻣﺪﻓﻮﻥﺷﺎﻥﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺩﻧﻴﺎﺩﺭﻳﻚﻟﺤﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺴﻴﺴﻢ‪ -‬ﻟﻨﻴﻨﻴﺴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻧﮕﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺽ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺩﻡ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻴﺰﻡ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺸﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪:‬ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪﻛﻪﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺑﻼﺭﻭﺱ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪:‬ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎﻳﺘﺎﻥﭼﻪﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻥ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮگ ﭼﻬﺮﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺁﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻦ ﭘﺪﺭﻡ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﻭﻛﺮﺍﺋﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺗﺒﺮﻳﻚ ﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻨﺎ ﻛﻨﻰ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻫﻪﻯ ﻧﻮﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﻳﻢ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺳﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪:‬ﻫﻤﻪﻯﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝﻫﻨﺮﺍﺯﻧﻘﺎﺷﻰﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺪﺗﻰ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻰ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﺑﻜﺸﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻰﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ‪،‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩﺑﻪﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝﻭﻣﺤﺘﻮﻯﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻻ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﻢ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﮋﺭﺍﻫﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺠﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﻴﺮ ﺩﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺩﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺍ ﻫﻢ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻃﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪:‬ﭼﻪﻛﺴﺎﻧﻰﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ؟‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ؟ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﭼﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺧﻮﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﺭﺍﺗﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﻗﺒ ًﻼ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺫﻫﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﻰﺩﺍﻧﻢ‪ .‬ﭼﭽﻦﻫﺎ ﭼﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﻨﮕﻴﺪﻧﺪ؟‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﻟﻮﻛﺎﺷﻨﻜﻮ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﻻﺩﻳﻤﻴﺮ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻚ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻰﺷﻨﺎﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﭘﻮﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﻼﻫﺎﻯﺷﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﻧﺎﻣﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﮔﻮﺵ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻻ ﺑﻌﻀﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺒﺖﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺁﭘﺎﺭﺗﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﭼﻮﻥ ﮔﻮ ِﺵ ﺷﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ»ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ« ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻰﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟ ﺷﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻯ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺠﺎﺳﺖ؟‬ ‫ﭼﻴﺰﻯ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻧﮕﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪:‬ﻛﺎﺭﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻧﮕﺎﺭﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻯﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺻﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩﻯﻧﻮﺑﻞﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻧﮕﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﻣﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪:‬ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻟﻮﻛﺲ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﺩﺑﻰ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻴﺪﻩﺍﻳﺪ؟‬
‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻯ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮگ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻡ‪ .‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻢ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻣﻰﺯﻧﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻰﺯﻧﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻯ ﺭﺍ ﭼﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ؟‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩﻯﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩﻧﻮﺑﻞ‪،‬ﺟﻮﺯﻑﺑﺮﻭﺩﺳﻜﻰ‪،‬ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ ‪:‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻳﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫ﭼﻴﺰﻯ ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕﺷﺎﻥ ﺳﻠﻴﻘﻪﻯ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺘﺎﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﻛﻨﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﺭ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﺖﺍﺵ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻤﺎﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﻯ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﺭﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻰ‬

‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩﻯ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰﺗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻮﺽ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺯﺣﻤﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩ؟‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻒ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﻳﻰ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻭﺩﺳﻜﻰ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻰ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺭﻳﺲ ﭘﺎﺳﺘﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﺪ؟‬
‫ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻋﺠﻴﺒﻰﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺩﻯ‬
‫‪ .‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﻰﮔﺬﺍﺭﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻥﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺗﻰﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻭﻛﺮﺍﺋﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺳﺮﺥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻰﻫﺎ ﺟﻨﮕﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﺍﺩﻡ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﺗﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦﺷﺎﻥ ﺩﺯﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ‬
‫ﺟﻨﮓ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻌﻠﻪﻭﺭ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻯ ﺭﺳﻤﻰ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻯ ﺩﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻰﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺴﻰ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺨﻨﮕﻮﻯ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦ ﻓﻮﺭﺁ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊﮔﻴﺮﻯﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪:‬ﭼﻪﮔﻔﺖ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻴﻮﻳﭻ‪:‬ﮔﻔﺖﻛﻪﻣﻦﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕﻫﻤﻪﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪﺍﻯ‬

‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻡ‪.‬‬
‫*ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺍﺷﭙﻴﮕﻞ‪ 5،‬ﺩﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ‪2015‬‬

‫*ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‪:‬ﮔﻠﻨﺎﺯﻏﺒﺮﺍﻳﻰ‬